Ancient map of bay of Naples and Pozzuoli, 1640 (uncoloured)

Matthäus Merian’s Golfo di Napoli [Sinus Puteolanus], published in 1640, is a striking seventeenth-century depiction of the Bay of Naples and the ancient coastal region surrounding Pozzuoli, combining historical geography, topographical observation, and the dramatic landscape of southern Italy. Produced during the golden age of European copperplate cartography, the work reflects Merian’s characteristic ability to transform geographical information into an aesthetically compelling historical document.

The view focuses on the broad Gulf of Naples, extending from the densely settled area around Naples toward Pozzuoli and the volcanic landscapes of Campania. The region was already celebrated throughout Europe for its extraordinary combination of ancient ruins, Mediterranean scenery, volcanic terrain, and classical associations. Mount Vesuvius, the defining natural landmark of the Neapolitan landscape, forms an important element of the wider geographical setting, while the coastline, settlements, islands, and surrounding countryside are carefully integrated into the composition.

Pozzuoli, known in antiquity as Puteoli, was one of the most important ports of the Roman world. Its strategic position made it a major commercial gateway between Italy and the wider Mediterranean. The surrounding Campi Flegrei, or Phlegraean Fields, were equally significant for their volcanic activity and ancient monuments. Merian’s depiction therefore encompasses a landscape in which Roman history, geology, maritime commerce, and early modern life intersect.

The work is particularly valuable for its representation of the region before modern urban development dramatically altered the Neapolitan coastline. Roads, settlements, fortifications, cultivated fields, maritime routes, and architectural landmarks provide an evocative picture of Campania during the seventeenth century. The engraving also reflects the period’s fascination with classical antiquity and the enduring European interest in the landscapes associated with ancient Rome.

Merian’s finely engraved line work gives the scene exceptional depth and character. His combination of architectural detail, topographical information, and carefully balanced perspective demonstrates why his publications became such important sources for the study of early modern European cities and landscapes.

Find more maps of Matthäus Merian