Ancient map of Western Hemisphere, 1520

Johannes Schoener's map of the Western Hemisphere from 1520 is a remarkable example of early Renaissance cartography, capturing the spirit of exploration during the Age of Discovery. Schoener, a renowned German cartographer and globe-maker, was one of the first to incorporate the latest geographic knowledge into his maps, drawing from the reports of explorers like Christopher Columbus and Amerigo Vespucci. This map represents the Western Hemisphere as it was understood in the early 16th century, blending known territories with speculative geography.

The map prominently features the Americas, depicted with bold, exaggerated coastlines and uncharted regions. The outline of South America is surprisingly accurate for the time, though certain features, like the Amazon River, are portrayed with artistic license. North America, on the other hand, is only partially represented, with many areas left undefined, reflecting the limited exploration of the continent by Europeans up to that point. Schoener’s use of Latin inscriptions for place names adds an authentic period touch, emphasizing the scholarly nature of his work.

Aesthetically, the map is richly decorated with ornate illustrations typical of the Renaissance era. Windhead figures, symbolizing the directional winds, are positioned around the edges of the map, while the seas are populated with mythical sea monsters and sailing ships, adding a whimsical element to the otherwise scientific endeavor. The map also includes several compass roses and lines indicating navigational routes, showcasing the importance of maritime exploration during this period. 

Johannes Schoener (Johann Schöner) was a prominent German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer born on January 16, 1477, in Karlstadt am Main, Germany. He is best known for his influential work in the early 16th century, particularly in the fields of globe-making and map-making, which contributed significantly to the development of Renaissance cartography.