Antique map of Italy, 1861

The map was created by F.A. Garnier is a significant historical cartographic work that captures the territorial configuration of Italy at the moment of its unification. Published in the mid-19th century, the map illustrates the political boundaries of the Italian peninsula in 1861, the year when the Kingdom of Italy was officially proclaimed under King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia.

This map is particularly important as it documents a transformative period in European history—the culmination of the Risorgimento, a political and social movement that sought the unification of Italy, which had been fragmented into multiple states and kingdoms for centuries. Garnier’s map outlines the borders of the newly formed kingdom, while also indicating regions that were not yet integrated, such as Venetia (which would join in 1866) and the Papal States (including Rome, annexed in 1870). These territorial distinctions are carefully delineated, often with color-coded borders or hatch marks, to represent political jurisdictions and contested regions.

The map provides not only a geopolitical overview but also geographic details, including mountain ranges, rivers, major cities, and transportation routes, such as railways and roads. It reflects the cartographic precision of the time, combining decorative elements like a title cartouche with informative clarity.

Garnier’s map would have served both educational and political purposes, illustrating the complex path toward unification and fostering a sense of national identity among Italians. It also appealed to foreign audiences interested in the shifting power dynamics of 19th-century Europe.

As a historical artifact, "Italie – Limites en 1861" is a valuable representation of a pivotal moment in modern European history, offering insights into the political geography, nationalist movements, and cartographic practices of the era.